Global Mains Voltage Guide: Understanding Working Voltages Around the

When selecting lighting fixtures, bulbs, or home appliances, knowing the standard working voltage of your country is essential. Voltage and frequency vary widely between regions, and using a device with the wrong voltage can lead to malfunction, reduced lifespan, or safety hazards. This guide provides an overview of the typical mains voltages and frequencies used in different countries.

North America

In the United States, Canada, and Mexico, the standard working voltage is 120V with a frequency of 60 Hz. Most household lighting fixtures, kitchen appliances, and electronics are designed for this voltage. Imported devices from high-voltage countries require step-down converters.

Europe

Most European countries, including the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, use 220–240V at 50 Hz. This higher voltage allows for efficient power delivery across longer distances. Fixtures and appliances are designed accordingly, and devices from 120V regions need step-up transformers.

Australia and New Zealand

Both countries follow the 230V, 50 Hz standard. Residential and commercial lighting systems are manufactured to this voltage, making appliances from low-voltage countries incompatible without adapters.

Asia

Voltage standards in Asia vary:

• China, India, Singapore: 220–240V, 50 Hz

• Japan: 100V, 50 Hz (Eastern Japan) / 60 Hz (Western Japan)

• South Korea, Thailand: 220V, 60 Hz

Japan’s lower voltage means imported fixtures from 220–240V countries require converters, while other Asian countries generally align with European voltage standards.

Middle East

Countries like the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Israel use 220–240V, 50 Hz. This is compatible with most European appliances and fixtures.

South America

South American countries have mixed voltage standards:

• Brazil: 127V or 220V depending on region

• Argentina, Chile, Uruguay: 220V, 50 Hz

• Peru, Colombia: 220V, 60 Hz

It’s important to verify local voltage before installing lighting or appliances, as regional differences exist.

Africa

Many African countries, including South Africa, Egypt, and Nigeria, use 220–240V, 50 Hz. However, voltage stability can vary, so surge protectors and LED fixtures are recommended for safety.

Summary Table of Working Voltages

Tips for Using Lighting and Appliances Globally

1. Check the voltage rating of each fixture or bulb before installation.

2. Use voltage converters or transformers for devices not compatible with local mains voltage.

3. Prefer universal LED bulbs rated for 100–240V for flexibility across countries.

4. Pay attention to frequency (Hz) if using dimmable lights or sensitive electronics.

5. Ensure proper adapters and plugs for international compatibility.